GDPR·Article Article 48·low·Component: Chapter V: Transfers of Personal Data to Third Countries

What this control requires

Personal data transfers or disclosures to third countries based on foreign court or administrative decisions are only enforceable if supported by an international agreement, like a mutual legal assistance treaty, between the third country and the EU or a Member State. This control addresses International Data Transfers.
— GDPR, Article Article 48

In plain English

Personal data transfers or disclosures to third countries based on foreign court or administrative decisions are only enforceable if supported by an international agreement, like a mutual legal assistance treaty, between the third country and the EU or a Member State. In practice, this means you can prove you data transfers-level controls on a defined cadence.

Why it matters

GDPR administrative fines reach the greater of €20 million or 4% of global annual turnover. The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) coordinates supervisory-authority enforcement across the EU/EEA, and DPAs publish enforcement decisions citing specific Articles.

What an auditor looks for

A DPA or privacy auditor expects: a Records of Processing Activities (RoPA) entry, a documented lawful basis, evidence the Article's data-subject right is operationalised end-to-end, a named DPO contact (where required), and Article 30 records that match what the front-end actually does.

Within Chapter V: Transfers of Personal Data to Third Countries, the assessor will trace your implementation back to the catalogue reference (Article Article 48) and look for objective evidence on the latest two assessment cycles.

How to implement

Policy Management

Docs. Keep each policy in version-controlled Markdown alongside the code that implements it; ship a signed PDF snapshot at each annual review and link the SHA into the SoA.

Operational checklist

  • Data. Document the trigger, the owner and the cadence.
  • Transfers. Document the trigger, the owner and the cadence.
  • International. Document the trigger, the owner and the cadence.
  • Mutual. Document the trigger, the owner and the cadence.
  • Scope: transfers, assistance.

Evidence to collect

  • Policy Document. A signed and version-controlled policy / standard / procedure document.

Signed policy or standard documents the safeguard. Focus: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law.

Common pitfalls

  • Policies that no engineer has read; the version in Confluence drifts from the version that's actually being enforced.

How it maps to other frameworks

Computed from shared tags, control component and key-operation subjects — handy when you are reconciling controls across an audit.

Related controls in GDPR

References

Topics: governance riskpolicy managementprivacy management